Welcome to Lesson 6! ๐
ใฌใในใณ6ใธใใใใ๏ผ
In this lesson, you will learn about brake systems in vehicles, including hydraulic principles, components, and maintenance procedures.
ใใฎใฌใในใณใงใฏใๆฒนๅงๅ็ใ้จๅใใกใณใใใณในๆ้ ใชใฉใ่ปไธกใฎใใฌใผใญใทในใใ ใซใคใใฆๅญฆใณใพใใ
โ Hydraulic brake principles
โ Disc and drum brake systems
โ Brake components and operation
โ Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
โ Brake maintenance and safety
This lesson takes approximately 5-6 hours to complete, including the quiz at the end.
Brake System Basics ๐
ใใฌใผใญใทในใใ ใฎๅบ็ค
The brake system converts kinetic energy (motion) into thermal energy (heat) through friction to slow or stop the vehicle.
ใใฌใผใญใทในใใ ใฏใๆฉๆฆใซใใ้ๅใจใใซใฎใผใ็ฑใจใใซใฎใผใซๅคๆใใฆ่ปไธกใๆธ้ใพใใฏๅๆญขใใใพใใ
้ๅ โ ๆฉๆฆ/็ฑ โ ๅๆญข
โข Slow the vehicle safely | ่ปไธกใๅฎๅ
จใซๆธ้
โข Stop the vehicle completely | ่ปไธกใๅฎๅ
จใซๅๆญข
โข Hold the vehicle stationary | ่ปไธกใ้ๆญข็ถๆ
ใซไฟใค
โข Provide driver control | ใใฉใคใใผใฎๅถๅพกใๆไพ
Hydraulic Principles ๐ง
ๆฒนๅงๅ็
Most modern brake systems use hydraulic pressure to multiply force and transmit it to all wheels simultaneously.
ๆๆฐใฎใใฌใผใญใทในใใ ใฎใปใจใใฉใฏใๆฒนๅงใไฝฟ็จใใฆๅใๅขๅน ใใใในใฆใฎ่ป่ผชใซๅๆใซไผ้ใใพใใ
F = Force (ๅ)
A = Area (้ข็ฉ)
Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. This allows a small pedal force to create large braking force at the wheels!
Types of Brake Systems ๐ง
ใใฌใผใญใทในใใ ใฎ็จฎ้ก
Most modern vehicles use disc brakes on the front wheels (70% braking) and either disc or drum on the rear (30% braking).
Master Cylinder ๐ฉ
ใในใฟใผใทใชใณใใผ
The master cylinder converts mechanical force from the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure.
ใในใฟใผใทใชใณใใผใฏใใใฌใผใญใใใซใใใฎๆฉๆขฐ็ใชๅใๆฒนๅงใซๅคๆใใพใใ
โข Dual Circuit: Separate circuits for front/rear safety | ๅๅพใฎๅฎๅ
จใฎใใใฎ็ฌ็ซๅ่ทฏ
โข Reservoir: Stores brake fluid | ใใฌใผใญใใซใผใใ่ฒฏ่ต
โข Check Valve: Maintains residual pressure | ๆฎๅงใ็ถญๆ
Brake Fluid ๐ง
ใใฌใผใญใใซใผใ
Brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid that transmits pressure and must withstand high temperatures without boiling.
ใใฌใผใญใใซใผใใฏๅงๅใไผ้ใใๆฒนๅงๆถฒใงใๆฒธ้จฐใใใซ้ซๆธฉใซ่ใใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใพใใ
Brake fluid is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture). Replace every 2-3 years. Never mix different DOT types!
Disc Brake Components ๐ฟ
ใใฃในใฏใใฌใผใญใฎ้จๅ
Disc brakes use a caliper to squeeze brake pads against a rotating disc (rotor) to create friction.
How Disc Brakes Work โ๏ธ
ใใฃในใฏใใฌใผใญใฎๅไฝๅ็
When you press the brake pedal, hydraulic pressure forces the caliper pistons to squeeze the brake pads against the spinning rotor.
ใใใใไธกๅดใใใญใผใฟใผใๆใ
โข Better heat dissipation | ๅชใใๆพ็ฑๆง
โข Self-cleaning (water/debris) | ่ชๅทฑๆธ
ๆตไฝ็จ
โข More consistent performance | ใใๅฎๅฎใใๆง่ฝ
โข Easier to service | ใกใณใใใณในใๅฎนๆ
Types of Calipers ๐ฉ
ใญใฃใชใใผใฎ็จฎ้ก
Floating: 1-2 pistons, slides on pins
Fixed: 2-8 pistons, bolted rigidly
Drum Brake Components ๐ฅ
ใใฉใ ใใฌใผใญใฎ้จๅ
Drum brakes use brake shoes that press outward against the inside of a rotating drum.
How Drum Brakes Work โ๏ธ
ใใฉใ ใใฌใผใญใฎๅไฝๅ็
Hydraulic pressure forces the wheel cylinder pistons outward, pushing the brake shoes against the inside of the drum.
ใทใฅใผใใใฉใ ใซๅฏพใใฆๅคๅดใซๅบใใ
Advantages: Self-energizing, economical, good parking brake
Disadvantages: Poor heat dissipation, fade under heavy use, harder to service
Brake Boosters ๐ช
ใใฌใผใญใใผในใฟใผ
The brake booster uses engine vacuum or hydraulic pressure to multiply the force applied to the brake pedal.
The booster can multiply pedal force by 3-4 times, making braking easier and reducing driver fatigue!
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) ๐
ใขใณใใญใใฏใใฌใผใญใทในใใ
ABS prevents wheel lockup during hard braking, maintaining steering control and reducing stopping distance on most surfaces.
ABSใฏๆฅใใฌใผใญๆใฎ่ป่ผชใญใใฏใ้ฒใใในใใขใชใณใฐๅถๅพกใ็ถญๆใใใปใจใใฉใฎ่ทฏ้ขใงๅๆญข่ท้ขใ็ญ็ธฎใใพใใ
โข Prevents wheel lockup | ่ป่ผชใฎใญใใฏใ้ฒๆญข
โข Maintains steering control | ในใใขใชใณใฐๅถๅพกใ็ถญๆ
โข Reduces stopping distance | ๅๆญข่ท้ขใ็ญ็ธฎ
โข Improves stability | ๅฎๅฎๆงใๅไธ
Press and HOLD the brake pedal firmly. Don’t pump! The system will pulse automatically. You may feel vibration – this is normal!
ABS Components ๐ง
ABS้จๅ
The ABS cycles brake pressure 15-20 times per second when it detects a wheel about to lock!
ABS Operation Phases ๐
ABSๅไฝใใงใผใบ
ABS operates in three phases to prevent wheel lockup:
Brake Pad Wear Indicators ๐
ใใฌใผใญใใใๆฉ่ใคใณใธใฑใผใฟใผ
Brake pads wear down over time and must be replaced before the friction material is completely worn.
โข Minimum thickness: 3mm (1/8 inch) | ๆๅฐๅใ
โข Visual inspection: Check through wheel spokes | ็ฎ่ฆ็นๆค
โข Wear indicators: Metal tab creates squealing sound | ๆฉ่ใคใณใธใฑใผใฟใผ
โข Uneven wear: May indicate caliper problems | ไธๅ็ญใชๆฉ่
โข Squealing or grinding noise | ใญใผใญใผ้ณใพใใฏใดใชใดใช้ณ
โข Vibration when braking | ใใฌใผใญๆใฎๆฏๅ
โข Pulling to one side | ็ๅดใซๅผใฃๅผตใใใ
โข Longer stopping distance | ๅๆญข่ท้ขใ้ทใใชใ
Brake Rotor Inspection ๐
ใใฌใผใญใญใผใฟใผ็นๆค
Rotors must be inspected for wear, warping, and damage. Damaged rotors cause vibration and reduced braking performance.
Resurface: Machine to restore flat surface (if above minimum thickness)
Replace: Install new rotor if too thin or damaged
Brake Fluid Service ๐ง
ใใฌใผใญใใซใผใใตใผใใน
Brake fluid absorbs moisture over time, lowering its boiling point and causing corrosion. Regular replacement is essential.
โข Check level: Every oil change | ใชใคใซไบคๆใใจ
โข Test moisture content: Annually | ๅนด1ๅ
โข Flush and replace: Every 2-3 years | 2ใ3ๅนดใใจ
โข After repairs: Bleed air from system | ไฟฎ็ๅพ
โข Dark or cloudy color | ๆใ่ฒใพใใฏๆฟใฃใ่ฒ
โข Low boiling point (below 180ยฐC) | ไฝๆฒธ็น
โข Moisture content above 3% | ๆฐดๅๅซๆ้3%ไปฅไธ
โข Corrosion in system | ใทในใใ ๅ
ใฎ่
้ฃ
Bleeding Brake Systems ๐ง
ใใฌใผใญใฎใจใขๆใ
Bleeding removes air bubbles from the brake hydraulic system. Air causes a spongy pedal and reduced braking performance.
Standard Order (longest to shortest line):
1. Right Rear | ๅณๅพ
2. Left Rear | ๅทฆๅพ
3. Right Front | ๅณๅ
4. Left Front | ๅทฆๅ
โข Manual: Two-person method with pedal pumping | ๆๅ
โข Pressure: Uses pressure bleeder tool | ๅงๅๅผ
โข Vacuum: Uses vacuum pump | ็็ฉบๅผ
โข Scan tool: For ABS systems | ในใญใฃใณใใผใซ
Parking Brake System ๐ ฟ๏ธ
ใใผใญใณใฐใใฌใผใญใทในใใ
The parking brake (emergency brake) is a mechanical system that holds the vehicle stationary when parked.
Parking brake should hold vehicle on 30% grade with 3-5 clicks (lever) or 1/3 pedal travel. Adjust cable if needed.
Brake System Safety ๐ก๏ธ
ใใฌใผใญใทในใใ ใฎๅฎๅ จ
Working on brake systems requires strict safety procedures to ensure proper operation and prevent accidents.
โข Never mix brake fluid types | ใใฌใผใญใใซใผใใๆททใใชใ
โข Keep fluid away from paint | ๅก่ฃ
ใใ้ขใ
โข Wear safety glasses | ไฟ่ญทใกใฌใใ็็จ
โข Use proper jack stands | ้ฉๅใชใธใฃใใญในใฟใณใใไฝฟ็จ
โข Test brakes before driving | ้่ปขๅใซใในใ
Older brake pads may contain asbestos. Never blow out brake dust with compressed air! Use brake cleaner or wet methods only.
Lesson Summary ๐
ใฌใในใณใฎใพใจใ
โข Hydraulic Principles: Pascal’s Law – pressure transmitted equally
โข Disc Brakes: Caliper squeezes pads against rotor
โข Drum Brakes: Shoes press outward against drum
โข ABS: Prevents wheel lockup, maintains control
โข Maintenance: Regular inspection and fluid service
โข Safety: Critical system – proper service essential!
You’ve completed all the learning content! The next slides contain a 10-question quiz to test your knowledge. You need 70% (7/10) to pass.
๐ Lesson 6 Quiz
ใฌใในใณ6ใฏใคใบ
Test your knowledge with 10 multiple-choice questions.
โข 10 multiple-choice questions
โข Passing score: 70% (7/10 correct)
โข You can review your answers after completion
โข Take your time and read carefully
Click “Next” to begin the quiz. Good luck!
ใๆฌกใธใใใฏใชใใฏใใฆใฏใคใบใ้ๅงใใพใใ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใใ๏ผ
ๅ้ก1: ใในใฟใผใทใชใณใใผใฏไฝใใใพใใ๏ผ
ๅ้ก2: ใใฌใผใญใใซใผใใฏใฉใฎใใใใฎ้ ปๅบฆใงไบคๆใในใใงใใ๏ผ
ๅ้ก3: ใใฃในใฏใใฌใผใญใฎใใฉใ ใใฌใผใญใซๅฏพใใไธปใชๅฉ็นใฏ๏ผ
ๅ้ก4: ABSใฏไฝใฎ็ฅใงใใ๏ผ
ๅ้ก5: ไบคๆๅใฎใใฌใผใญใใใใฎๆๅฐๅใใฏ๏ผ
ๅ้ก6: ไธกๅดใซใในใใณใใใใญใฃใชใใผใฎใฟใคใใฏ๏ผ
ๅ้ก7: ABSใฏ1็ง้ใซไฝๅใใฌใผใญๅงใใตใคใฏใซใใพใใ๏ผ
ๅ้ก8: ใปใจใใฉใฎ่ปไธกใฎๆญฃใใใจใขๆใ้ ๅบใฏ๏ผ
ๅ้ก9: ใใฌใผใญใใซใผใใใๅธๆนฟๆงใใจใฏใฉใใใๆๅณใงใใ๏ผ
ๅ้ก10: ็ทๆฅๆใซABSใใฌใผใญใไฝฟ็จใใ้ใฏไฝใใในใใงใใ๏ผ
๐ Calculating Your Results…
็ตๆใ่จ็ฎไธญ…
ในใณใขใ่จ็ฎใใฆใใพใ
็ตๆใ่จ็ฎไธญ…
Continue with the next lessons in Module 5 to master more automotive systems!
