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Lesson 6 – Brake Systems
🛑 Lesson 6: Brake Systems
← Back to Module 5
🛑 Brake Systems
ブレーキシステム | Master automotive brake systems
Slide 1 of 35
Introduction Slide 1/35

Welcome to Lesson 6! 🎉

レッスン6へようこそ!

In this lesson, you will learn about brake systems in vehicles, including hydraulic principles, components, and maintenance procedures.

このレッスンでは、油圧原理、部品、メンテナンス手順など、車両のブレーキシステムについて学びます。

📚 What You’ll Learn

✓ Hydraulic brake principles
✓ Disc and drum brake systems
✓ Brake components and operation
✓ Anti-lock braking systems (ABS)
✓ Brake maintenance and safety

⏱️ Estimated Time

This lesson takes approximately 5-6 hours to complete, including the quiz at the end.

Section 1: Basics Slide 2/35

Brake System Basics 🛑

ブレーキシステムの基礎

The brake system converts kinetic energy (motion) into thermal energy (heat) through friction to slow or stop the vehicle.

ブレーキシステムは、摩擦により運動エネルギーを熱エネルギーに変換して車両を減速または停止させます。

Energy Conversion | エネルギー変換
🚗💨 → 🔥 → 🛑
Motion → Friction/Heat → Stop
運動 → 摩擦/熱 → 停止
💡 Key Functions

• Slow the vehicle safely | 車両を安全に減速
• Stop the vehicle completely | 車両を完全に停止
• Hold the vehicle stationary | 車両を静止状態に保つ
• Provide driver control | ドライバーの制御を提供

Section 1: Basics Slide 3/35

Hydraulic Principles 💧

油圧原理

Most modern brake systems use hydraulic pressure to multiply force and transmit it to all wheels simultaneously.

最新のブレーキシステムのほとんどは、油圧を使用して力を増幅し、すべての車輪に同時に伝達します。

Pascal’s Law | パスカルの法則
P = F ÷ A
P = Pressure (圧力)
F = Force (力)
A = Area (面積)
🔑 Key Concept

Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. This allows a small pedal force to create large braking force at the wheels!

Section 1: Basics Slide 4/35

Types of Brake Systems 🔧

ブレーキシステムの種類

Disc Brakes
ディスクブレーキ
Uses calipers to squeeze pads against a rotor. Better heat dissipation.
Drum Brakes
ドラムブレーキ
Uses shoes that press outward against a drum. More economical.
Parking Brake
パーキングブレーキ
Mechanical system to hold vehicle when parked.
📊 Common Configuration

Most modern vehicles use disc brakes on the front wheels (70% braking) and either disc or drum on the rear (30% braking).

Section 2: Components Slide 5/35

Master Cylinder 🔩

マスターシリンダー

The master cylinder converts mechanical force from the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure.

マスターシリンダーは、ブレーキペダルからの機械的な力を油圧に変換します。

Master Cylinder Operation | マスターシリンダーの動作
🦶 → 🔧 → 💧💧💧 → 🛑
Pedal → Piston → Hydraulic Pressure → Brakes
🔑 Key Features

Dual Circuit: Separate circuits for front/rear safety | 前後の安全のための独立回路
Reservoir: Stores brake fluid | ブレーキフルードを貯蔵
Check Valve: Maintains residual pressure | 残圧を維持

Section 2: Components Slide 6/35

Brake Fluid 💧

ブレーキフルード

Brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid that transmits pressure and must withstand high temperatures without boiling.

ブレーキフルードは圧力を伝達する油圧液で、沸騰せずに高温に耐える必要があります。

DOT 3
DOT 3
Boiling point: 205°C (401°F). Most common type.
DOT 4
DOT 4
Boiling point: 230°C (446°F). Higher performance.
DOT 5
DOT 5
Silicone-based. Not compatible with DOT 3/4.
⚠️ Important Warning

Brake fluid is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture). Replace every 2-3 years. Never mix different DOT types!

Section 3: Disc Brakes Slide 7/35

Disc Brake Components 💿

ディスクブレーキの部品

Disc brakes use a caliper to squeeze brake pads against a rotating disc (rotor) to create friction.

Brake Rotor
ブレーキローター
Rotating disc attached to the wheel hub
Brake Caliper
ブレーキキャリパー
Houses pistons and brake pads
Brake Pads
ブレーキパッド
Friction material that contacts rotor
Caliper Piston
キャリパーピストン
Pushes pads against rotor
Section 3: Disc Brakes Slide 8/35

How Disc Brakes Work ⚙️

ディスクブレーキの動作原理

When you press the brake pedal, hydraulic pressure forces the caliper pistons to squeeze the brake pads against the spinning rotor.

Disc Brake Action | ディスクブレーキの動作
🔧 → [💿] ← 🔧
Pads squeeze rotor from both sides
パッドが両側からローターを挟む
✅ Advantages of Disc Brakes

• Better heat dissipation | 優れた放熱性
• Self-cleaning (water/debris) | 自己清浄作用
• More consistent performance | より安定した性能
• Easier to service | メンテナンスが容易

Section 3: Disc Brakes Slide 9/35

Types of Calipers 🔩

キャリパーの種類

Floating Caliper
フローティングキャリパー
Piston on one side only. Caliper slides to apply both pads. Most common.
Fixed Caliper
固定キャリパー
Pistons on both sides. Better performance but more expensive.
🔍 Identification

Floating: 1-2 pistons, slides on pins
Fixed: 2-8 pistons, bolted rigidly

Section 4: Drum Brakes Slide 10/35

Drum Brake Components 🥁

ドラムブレーキの部品

Drum brakes use brake shoes that press outward against the inside of a rotating drum.

Brake Drum
ブレーキドラム
Rotating cylinder attached to wheel
Brake Shoes
ブレーキシュー
Curved metal with friction lining
Wheel Cylinder
ホイールシリンダー
Hydraulic cylinder that pushes shoes
Return Springs
リターンスプリング
Pull shoes back when released
Section 4: Drum Brakes Slide 11/35

How Drum Brakes Work ⚙️

ドラムブレーキの動作原理

Hydraulic pressure forces the wheel cylinder pistons outward, pushing the brake shoes against the inside of the drum.

Drum Brake Action | ドラムブレーキの動作
⭕ ← 🔧🔧 → ⭕
Shoes expand outward against drum
シューがドラムに対して外側に広がる
⚖️ Drum Brake Characteristics

Advantages: Self-energizing, economical, good parking brake
Disadvantages: Poor heat dissipation, fade under heavy use, harder to service

Section 5: Power Assist Slide 12/35

Brake Boosters 💪

ブレーキブースター

The brake booster uses engine vacuum or hydraulic pressure to multiply the force applied to the brake pedal.

Vacuum Booster
バキュームブースター
Uses engine vacuum. Most common type.
Hydraulic Booster
油圧ブースター
Uses power steering pump pressure.
Electric Booster
電動ブースター
Uses electric motor. For hybrid/EV.
💡 How It Works

The booster can multiply pedal force by 3-4 times, making braking easier and reducing driver fatigue!

Section 6: ABS Slide 13/35

Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) 🚗

アンチロックブレーキシステム

ABS prevents wheel lockup during hard braking, maintaining steering control and reducing stopping distance on most surfaces.

ABSは急ブレーキ時の車輪ロックを防ぎ、ステアリング制御を維持し、ほとんどの路面で停止距離を短縮します。

🎯 ABS Benefits

• Prevents wheel lockup | 車輪のロックを防止
• Maintains steering control | ステアリング制御を維持
• Reduces stopping distance | 停止距離を短縮
• Improves stability | 安定性を向上

💡 How to Use ABS

Press and HOLD the brake pedal firmly. Don’t pump! The system will pulse automatically. You may feel vibration – this is normal!

Section 6: ABS Slide 14/35

ABS Components 🔧

ABS部品

Wheel Speed Sensors
ホイールスピードセンサー
Monitor rotation speed of each wheel
ABS Control Module
ABS制御モジュール
Computer that processes sensor data
Hydraulic Unit
油圧ユニット
Contains valves and pump
Solenoid Valves
ソレノイドバルブ
Control brake pressure to each wheel
⚡ System Operation

The ABS cycles brake pressure 15-20 times per second when it detects a wheel about to lock!

Section 6: ABS Slide 15/35

ABS Operation Phases 🔄

ABS動作フェーズ

ABS operates in three phases to prevent wheel lockup:

Pressure Hold
圧力保持
Valve closes to hold current pressure when wheel starts to lock
Pressure Decrease
圧力減少
Valve opens to release pressure and allow wheel to spin
Pressure Increase
圧力増加
Pump reapplies pressure as wheel regains traction
ABS Cycle | ABSサイクル
🔒 → ⏸️ → 🔓 → ⏫ → 🔄
Lock detected → Hold → Release → Reapply → Repeat
Section 7: Maintenance Slide 16/35

Brake Pad Wear Indicators 📏

ブレーキパッド摩耗インジケーター

Brake pads wear down over time and must be replaced before the friction material is completely worn.

🔍 Inspection Points

Minimum thickness: 3mm (1/8 inch) | 最小厚さ
Visual inspection: Check through wheel spokes | 目視点検
Wear indicators: Metal tab creates squealing sound | 摩耗インジケーター
Uneven wear: May indicate caliper problems | 不均等な摩耗

⚠️ Warning Signs

• Squealing or grinding noise | キーキー音またはゴリゴリ音
• Vibration when braking | ブレーキ時の振動
• Pulling to one side | 片側に引っ張られる
• Longer stopping distance | 停止距離が長くなる

Section 7: Maintenance Slide 17/35

Brake Rotor Inspection 🔍

ブレーキローター点検

Rotors must be inspected for wear, warping, and damage. Damaged rotors cause vibration and reduced braking performance.

Thickness
厚さ
Measure with micrometer. Must meet minimum spec.
Runout
振れ
Lateral wobble. Max 0.05mm (0.002″)
Surface Condition
表面状態
Check for scoring, cracks, hot spots
🔧 Rotor Service Options

Resurface: Machine to restore flat surface (if above minimum thickness)
Replace: Install new rotor if too thin or damaged

Section 7: Maintenance Slide 18/35

Brake Fluid Service 💧

ブレーキフルードサービス

Brake fluid absorbs moisture over time, lowering its boiling point and causing corrosion. Regular replacement is essential.

📅 Service Intervals

Check level: Every oil change | オイル交換ごと
Test moisture content: Annually | 年1回
Flush and replace: Every 2-3 years | 2〜3年ごと
After repairs: Bleed air from system | 修理後

⚠️ Contamination Signs

• Dark or cloudy color | 暗い色または濁った色
• Low boiling point (below 180°C) | 低沸点
• Moisture content above 3% | 水分含有量3%以上
• Corrosion in system | システム内の腐食

Section 7: Maintenance Slide 19/35

Bleeding Brake Systems 🔧

ブレーキのエア抜き

Bleeding removes air bubbles from the brake hydraulic system. Air causes a spongy pedal and reduced braking performance.

🔄 Bleeding Sequence

Standard Order (longest to shortest line):
1. Right Rear | 右後
2. Left Rear | 左後
3. Right Front | 右前
4. Left Front | 左前

⚙️ Bleeding Methods

Manual: Two-person method with pedal pumping | 手動
Pressure: Uses pressure bleeder tool | 圧力式
Vacuum: Uses vacuum pump | 真空式
Scan tool: For ABS systems | スキャンツール

Section 8: Parking Brake Slide 20/35

Parking Brake System 🅿️

パーキングブレーキシステム

The parking brake (emergency brake) is a mechanical system that holds the vehicle stationary when parked.

Hand Lever
ハンドレバー
Traditional pull-up lever between seats
Foot Pedal
フットペダル
Pedal on left side of driver footwell
Electronic (EPB)
電動パーキングブレーキ
Button-operated electric motor system
🔧 Adjustment

Parking brake should hold vehicle on 30% grade with 3-5 clicks (lever) or 1/3 pedal travel. Adjust cable if needed.

Section 9: Safety Slide 21/35

Brake System Safety 🛡️

ブレーキシステムの安全

Working on brake systems requires strict safety procedures to ensure proper operation and prevent accidents.

⚠️ Critical Safety Rules

Never mix brake fluid types | ブレーキフルードを混ぜない
Keep fluid away from paint | 塗装から離す
Wear safety glasses | 保護メガネを着用
Use proper jack stands | 適切なジャッキスタンドを使用
Test brakes before driving | 運転前にテスト

☠️ Asbestos Warning

Older brake pads may contain asbestos. Never blow out brake dust with compressed air! Use brake cleaner or wet methods only.

Summary Slide 22/35

Lesson Summary 📝

レッスンのまとめ

✅ Key Takeaways

Hydraulic Principles: Pascal’s Law – pressure transmitted equally
Disc Brakes: Caliper squeezes pads against rotor
Drum Brakes: Shoes press outward against drum
ABS: Prevents wheel lockup, maintains control
Maintenance: Regular inspection and fluid service
Safety: Critical system – proper service essential!

🎯 Ready for the Quiz?

You’ve completed all the learning content! The next slides contain a 10-question quiz to test your knowledge. You need 70% (7/10) to pass.

Final Quiz Slide 23/35

📝 Lesson 6 Quiz

レッスン6クイズ

Test your knowledge with 10 multiple-choice questions.

📋 Quiz Instructions

• 10 multiple-choice questions
• Passing score: 70% (7/10 correct)
• You can review your answers after completion
• Take your time and read carefully

⏱️ Ready?

Click “Next” to begin the quiz. Good luck!
「次へ」をクリックしてクイズを開始します。頑張ってください!

Quiz Question 1/10
Question 1: What does the master cylinder do?
問題1: マスターシリンダーは何をしますか?
A) Converts mechanical force to hydraulic pressure | 機械的な力を油圧に変換
B) Stores brake fluid | ブレーキフルードを貯蔵
C) Multiplies pedal force | ペダルの力を増幅
D) Prevents wheel lockup | 車輪のロックを防止
💡 Explanation
Correct: A) Converts mechanical force to hydraulic pressure. The master cylinder converts the mechanical force from the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure that is transmitted to the wheel brakes.
Quiz Question 2/10
Question 2: How often should brake fluid be replaced?
問題2: ブレーキフルードはどのくらいの頻度で交換すべきですか?
A) Every 6 months | 6ヶ月ごと
B) Every year | 毎年
C) Every 2-3 years | 2〜3年ごと
D) Every 5 years | 5年ごと
💡 Explanation
Correct: C) Every 2-3 years. Brake fluid is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture) and should be replaced every 2-3 years to maintain proper boiling point and prevent corrosion.
Quiz Question 3/10
Question 3: What is the main advantage of disc brakes over drum brakes?
問題3: ディスクブレーキのドラムブレーキに対する主な利点は?
A) Lower cost | 低コスト
B) Better heat dissipation | 優れた放熱性
C) Self-energizing action | 自己増力作用
D) Better parking brake | 優れたパーキングブレーキ
💡 Explanation
Correct: B) Better heat dissipation. Disc brakes dissipate heat better than drum brakes because the rotor is exposed to air, preventing brake fade during heavy use.
Quiz Question 4/10
Question 4: What does ABS stand for?
問題4: ABSは何の略ですか?
A) Automatic Brake System | 自動ブレーキシステム
B) Anti-lock Braking System | アンチロックブレーキシステム
C) Advanced Brake System | 先進ブレーキシステム
D) Assisted Braking System | 補助ブレーキシステム
💡 Explanation
Correct: B) Anti-lock Braking System. ABS prevents wheel lockup during hard braking, maintaining steering control and reducing stopping distance.
Quiz Question 5/10
Question 5: What is the minimum brake pad thickness before replacement?
問題5: 交換前のブレーキパッドの最小厚さは?
A) 1mm
B) 3mm
C) 5mm
D) 10mm
💡 Explanation
Correct: B) 3mm. Brake pads should be replaced when the friction material reaches approximately 3mm (1/8 inch) thickness.
Quiz Question 6/10
Question 6: What type of caliper has pistons on both sides?
問題6: 両側にピストンがあるキャリパーのタイプは?
A) Floating caliper | フローティングキャリパー
B) Fixed caliper | 固定キャリパー
C) Sliding caliper | スライディングキャリパー
D) Single piston caliper | シングルピストンキャリパー
💡 Explanation
Correct: B) Fixed caliper. Fixed calipers have pistons on both sides of the rotor and are bolted rigidly to the suspension. They offer better performance but are more expensive.
Quiz Question 7/10
Question 7: How many times per second does ABS cycle brake pressure?
問題7: ABSは1秒間に何回ブレーキ圧をサイクルしますか?
A) 5-10 times | 5〜10回
B) 15-20 times | 15〜20回
C) 30-40 times | 30〜40回
D) 50-60 times | 50〜60回
💡 Explanation
Correct: B) 15-20 times. ABS cycles brake pressure 15-20 times per second when it detects a wheel about to lock, which is why you feel pulsation in the pedal.
Quiz Question 8/10
Question 8: What is the correct bleeding sequence for most vehicles?
問題8: ほとんどの車両の正しいエア抜き順序は?
A) Front to rear | 前から後ろ
B) Right rear, left rear, right front, left front | 右後、左後、右前、左前
C) Left to right | 左から右
D) Any order is fine | どの順序でも良い
💡 Explanation
Correct: B) Right rear, left rear, right front, left front. The standard bleeding sequence is from the wheel farthest from the master cylinder to the closest (longest to shortest brake line).
Quiz Question 9/10
Question 9: What does brake fluid being “hygroscopic” mean?
問題9: ブレーキフルードが「吸湿性」とはどういう意味ですか?
A) It absorbs moisture | 水分を吸収する
B) It repels water | 水をはじく
C) It evaporates quickly | 素早く蒸発する
D) It freezes easily | 簡単に凍る
💡 Explanation
Correct: A) It absorbs moisture. Hygroscopic means the fluid absorbs moisture from the air, which lowers its boiling point and causes corrosion over time.
Quiz Question 10/10
Question 10: What should you do when using ABS brakes in an emergency?
問題10: 緊急時にABSブレーキを使用する際は何をすべきですか?
A) Pump the brake pedal rapidly | ブレーキペダルを素早く踏む
B) Press and hold the pedal firmly | ペダルをしっかり踏み続ける
C) Apply brakes gradually | 徐々にブレーキをかける
D) Release and reapply | 離してから再度踏む
💡 Explanation
Correct: B) Press and hold the pedal firmly. With ABS, you should press and hold the brake pedal firmly. Don’t pump! The system will pulse automatically. You may feel vibration – this is normal.
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✓ What’s Next?

Continue with the next lessons in Module 5 to master more automotive systems!

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